From 70 to 98% of teenagers coming ...

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Biological, individual, family and-family risk and protective factors of substance abuse in adolescents

VD Moskalenko National Research Center on Addictions Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia Substance (SAW) teens is growing and has already become a phenomenon of an epidemic. Most teenagers have resorted to the use of many surfactants. From 70 to 98% of teenagers coming for treatment are polydrug abuse [28). In the behavior with the use of surfactants can provide an initiation, abuse and the development of dependence. Start drinking does not always lead to dependence. Nevertheless, risk and protective factors for this behavior are similar both in terms of initiation of consumption and dependence. Conventionally, they can be divided into the following groups: biological, individual, family (intra-Wednesday)-family (school, peers) factors. Biological factors in this group include genetic and other physical characteristics of individuals who have contributed to the abuse of surfactants, often with the subsequent development of psychoactive substance dependence. The important role of genetic predisposition to the development of psychoactive substance dependence is proved in many studies of genealogy, twin methods and the study of adoptive children with their biological and adoptive parents, as well as study models, depending on the animals. The literature is analyzed in detail in reviews [1, 2J. The general conclusion of these studies: a variety of exposure to the development of psychoactive substance dependence genetic factors contribute significantly. The presence of biological kin, the patient is dependent on the surfactant is an important risk factor for development of a similar illness to other family members. The more patients dependent relatives in one family (density dependence), the higher the risk to healthy relatives. Specificity of the genetic predisposition to type surfactants, ie, predisposition to alcoholism or drug addiction was not detected. Different types of dependence found in the same family, and at the same individual during life. We can therefore say that alcoholism is a parent - this is an important risk factor for drug abuse son or daughter. Biological risk to offspring with the disease increased as the father and mother. According to some reports, the patient's mother makes a slightly greater risk for daughters than for sons. Believe that genetic factors, taken together, can explain 60% of the diversity of risk disorders caused by alcohol.