Uteshev A.

Uteshev AA Karabinenko E. N. Filatov GI Storozhakov, corresponding member. Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Medical University, BUT IF IFL number 1 AMO ZIL, Moscow According to official Ministry of Health, in recent years in our country has seen a significant increase in drug abuse, especially among young people aged 14-25 years. In this regard, of particular relevance at present is the problem of so-called "syringe" infections, the most common, HIV infection, viral hepatitis B and C, bacterial hematogenous infection, causing severe septic complications - bacterial endocarditis, pneumonia, septicemia [1 ]. Individuals who use drugs, often intravenously developed septic process, caused by Staphylococcus aureus [2]. As a clinical examples present two characteristic cases of flow "syringe" infection in young women with heroin addiction. These observations, in our view, can help practitioners become acquainted with the peculiarities of the clinical manifestations of such complications in drug addicts. Observation of the first. Patient B., aged 23, was admitted to hospital 12/12/1999 with the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, a right-sided pneumonia? ". The patient on admission complained of constant intense pain in the left lumbar region radiating to the left buttock, general weakness, insomnia, chills, fever to 39-40 ° C. The above symptoms occurred in a patient five days before hospitalization. In history - heroin addiction for seven years. The presence of myalgia in a patient was regarded as a drug "breaking". The clinical picture was dominated by intoxication syndrome with hectic nature of the temperature curve and persistent arterial hypotension (Fig. 1). When echocardiography was found: the cavity of the heart is not enlarged, the ejection fraction - 70%, tricuspid valve on the wing - vegetation is 10-15 mm in systole, prolapses into the right ventricle. Tricuspid regurgitation II degree. According to echocardiography, it was impossible to eliminate the gap of generations of small chords. On the radiograph of the chest in three projections revealed multiple foci of destruction with slight perifocal reaction and an increase in mediastinal, paratracheal and peribronchial lymph nodes on both sides, the fluid in the right pleural cavity, reaching to V edges. According to the ultrasound of the abdominal cavity was determined moderate hepatosplenomegaly. In laboratory analysis indicated a moderate increase in serum transaminases, a slight increase in the level of total bilirubin with a slight increase in the level ostrofaznyh proteins. When blood cultures and sputum pathogenic organisms have been identified. The patient ELISA identified antibodies to hepatitis B and C. Given the severity of the patient began to pursue an active parenteral antibiotic therapy (vancomycin, tsefabol) in combination with detoxification treatment. In the mental status of patients with negative, little information (with difficulty was in contact), from the proposed treatments and surveys are actively refused, despite the explanations concerning the seriousness of the further prognosis and possible outcome of the disease.

For patients developed a special ...

Patients getting rid of physical dependence, once again turn to drugs, not because it requires a body. This requires the brain, which "sits" psychic addiction. Psychotherapy does not relieve a person completely from the psychic dependence, but it can teach him how to live a full life with her. Armed with drug treatment have a range of methods: rational therapy (appeal to reason the patient), suggestive therapy (as a suggestion in the waking state and in a hypnotic), group psychotherapy (society narcotics anonymous), autogenic relaxation (a method of self-hypnosis), Psychotherapy creativity, play therapy. To the psychotherapeutic methods include and appeal to God, family support and community. Frequent relapses indicate low efficiency of psychotherapeutic methods. However, psychotherapy is a necessary and obligatory component of treatment for drug addiction. The essence of rational psychotherapy technique - a logical belief in a drug addict to stop taking the drug: the disclosure of the truth about drugs awareness talks, views and discussion of documentary films about the problem. This method is more effective for novice addicts, teenagers. "Coding" method is aimed at instilling the need for and possibility of failure of the drug. Conducted more often under hypnosis and is a complete analog "encoding" of alcoholism. "Coded" the patient does not take drugs because of the presence of internal ban on the level of self-preservation instinct. Request "pokayfovat" opposed to the fear of death. The advantages of "coding" can be attributed time savings and a radical method, although the application of techniques to overcome the physical addiction. But the method has its drawbacks. Firstly, it is impossible to encode directly from all drugs. Secondly, the doctor is not always possible to encode the patient to the desired time. Third, not all amenable to this method of exposure. The program "12 Steps" The purpose of the method - learning to live sober. Parallel can be used: kineziogennaya therapy (exposure with special mental and physical exercises at the centers of "pleasure" in the brain), nutritional supplements, herbal extracts and herbal teas. For patients developed a special nizkoglikemicheskaya (bessaharnaya) diet and stimulation mode. Practiced in group and individual therapy, occupational therapy. "Narcotics Anonymous" "Narcotics Anonymous" - a non-profit community of people for whom drugs had become a serious problem. The only condition for entry into the community is a desire to stop using drugs. "Narcotics Anonymous" ready to provide free psychological support for everyone, but they do not provide medical, social or financial assistance. The organization was founded and operates by "recovering addicts, who meet regularly to help each other to refrain from drug use. In many cases, drug users themselves can understand each other better.

Infection and septic complications in drug addicts

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Antagonists are also used ...

Like we should not try to end the drug is useless to replace the drug with alcohol. Do not try to "jump" from one drug with another. Unsuccessful attempts to get rid of drug addiction, reducing the "dose". Treatment of physical dependence Traditional Therapy in Drug Treatment Drug treatment hospital hospitals exist in all regional and many regional centers. All of them are closed, and the patient has given prior consent to treatment, will be able to get out of such an institution unless authorized by the treating physician. In Addiction apply a wide range of means weakening the "breaking": tranquilizers (relieve tension, fear), analgesics, hypnotics, neuroleptics (antipsychotics), antidepressants, nootropic drugs (improves brain function), vitamins, etc. are used as opiate antagonists (naloxone and naltrexone). In addition to drug therapy in substance abuse hospitals additionally used physiotherapeutic methods: electrosleep, anode galvanization liver transcerebral electrophoresis of various drugs, hydrotherapy, physical education. An important aspect of treatment is to restore damaged brain function and development of the patient's real understanding of their disease. However, there are also but: isolation of drug in the drug treatment clinic is often conditional (if desired drug can be bought there), most of the drugs negative effects on the liver, whose function in patients with drug addiction and so badly broken, "individuality" of approaches to treatment is very formal. And yet this is a real and affordable way to treat addiction. Extracorporeal detoxification procedures This group includes hemosorption, likvorosorbtsiyu and plasmapheresis, whose task - as soon as possible to remove circulating in the blood of drugs and products of their transformation and disintegration. When hemosorption taken from the patient's blood is passed through the sorbent, in which are harmful substances. A similar procedure can be done with liquor (cerebrospinal fluid), which contains the same toxic substances as blood. Purified toxins from the blood or spinal fluid transfusion patient. When plasmapheresis toxins are removed, along with plasma and blood cells are returned to the body, replacing the plasma with sterile saline. All these procedures are carried out only in the clinic. Method is very effective in treating patients in late-stage disease, with liver failure, septic conditions. In the case of an overdose of reducing drug in the blood by means of "purification" saves the life of the patient. Extracorporeal detoxification can be used as a standalone method or anticipate any other course of treatment. Treatment for psychological dependence (psychotherapeutic methods) convinces a man to end the abuse in the period of "breaking" is useless. Psychotherapeutic techniques are applied after the removal of acute manifestations of withdrawal syndrome, and ideally also used later to warn relapse.

In medicine, there is no term "recovered ...

Attractive, especially for young people. Repressive measures do not achieve. A truly effective means, such as raising living standards - a problem for our country for many, many years. Because tobacco, like alcohol (acting much more destructive and faster), does not apply to banned stimulants, that smoking or not smoking - should be a conscious choice of an adult (!) And sober man, able to evaluate and weigh the risks to health, on the one hand , and have fun - on the other.

And you're against drugs? Drug addiction: a cure

There is no easy and enjoyable way to get away from drug addiction. What prevents the "tie" with drugs? Drug addiction is so strong that it is considered to be: ex-addicts do not happen. In medicine, there is no term "recovered addict", there is only "inactive drug addict", ie do not use drugs now. The man, who refused the drugs, his life will be the "inactive drug addict." What is the drug "mesh" of their victims? Such "clues" two - physical and psychic dependence. Physical leads to the development of a drug addict withdrawal syndrome ("breaking", withdrawal) within days after cessation of drug use. Skip receive another dose leads to severe suffering. This is a pain in the muscles and joints, unbearable chills, cold sweats, abdominal pain with repeated diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, incessant runny nose, severe depression, insomnia. "Breaking" can cause the addict to commit suicide. That is why he is willing to commit any crime for the sake of another "dose." Psychological dependence is most easily described as follows: the addict to the drug simply experienced the feeling of love, all the time he thinks about the subject of his passion, constantly waiting for a meeting with him, rejoices, if this meeting is about to take place; longing and nervous, if it is delayed, ready to all to constantly be around drugs. Psychological dependence - the result of repeatedly experienced narcotic buzz, which is the main difficulty of treatment. After all, help you through a "breaking" (the result of physical dependence), modern medicine is capable of. Also get rid of psychological dependence is almost impossible. That she makes more than 90% of addicts who have undergone treatment return to drug use. In addition, while passing through the "breaking" can be perelezhat in the clinic, and "love" for the drug will remain in a person for life, but gradually died down over the years. Thus, the only way to recover from drug addiction - to replace "love" to a drug love for life. And it is not possible without the sincere desire of the addict to be treated. Basic principles of treatment of drug addicts - voluntary, individuality, complexity, and avoiding drugs. Has a value and type of drug, duration of drug use, disease stage, presence or absence of complications. But without a firm and deliberate setting of treatment all the efforts of doctors will be in vain.

In fact, statistics relating ...

Indoctrinate children a clear understanding of good and evil. Help them to set specific goals. Give them feel part of a friendly family. Tell them about the dangers of drugs. Children need to understand clearly why we should say drugs 'no'. How can I help? More talking with each other Listen to them tell them about yourself, put yourself in their place Be with them courageously and consistently done something together Be their friends of friends Remember that your child is unique, Be an example. Source: Internet publication "MED + info" to "expert advice" on the site www.medinfo.ru

And you're against drugs? Case tobacco

For twenty years, as each bundle with tobacco products in Russia flaunts the inscription: "Smoking is dangerous for your health." However, the number of smokers in our country is increasing by 500-700 per day. In the UK, as, for example, over the past 10-15 years it has declined by about 10 million. Smoking is an established risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed countries. It is estimated that the number of deaths due to smoking would be consistent with the number of deaths resulting from crashes of large aircraft, if such catastrophe - the death of all people on board - took place on a daily basis! The first cigarette you smoke to anyone not a pleasure. Usually at the first attempt to smoke was a strong poisoning by nicotine (nausea, vomiting, rapid pulse, convulsions, increased blood pressure). Why do people start smoking? In his teenage years - that's the forbidden fruit with which so sweetly to join the "adult" life. Like any drug, tobacco smoking causes a momentary stage of euphoria. According to the Soviet pharmacologist NP Kravkov such stimulation of mental activity during smoking depends not only nicotine but also by reflex effects on cerebral blood flow stimulation of sensory nerves oral cavity and respiratory tract environmental tobacco smoke. Smoker first smoked a cigarette in the morning - a stimulant stronger than coffee, the first remedy to shake off the remnants of sleep and return to active life. In fact, statistics regarding the dangers of smoking tobacco, is highly contradictory and ambiguous. It is clear that tobacco companies have bought research, confirming, if not favor, at least to the harmlessness of smoking. Such studies argue, for example, that smoking helps to prevent such severe diseases as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. But here's an excerpt from a completely tobacco-free, official statistics: "Tobacco is the cause of death from lung cancer in 90% of all cases of bronchitis and emphysema - in 75% and from heart disease - about 25% of all cases. About 25% of regular smokers will die prematurely due to smoking. " If you think about the meaning of the above, it turns out that only one in four smokers die prematurely from causes directly related to smoking number "nikotinozavisimyh in Russia will fall only when smoking ceases to be" fashionable ", ie

Toxic substances are expanding rapidly ...

The concentration of harmful chemical compounds in the side stream smoke 50-100 times as such in the main jet. Passive smoking has both immediate effects on human health, and deferred, which arises later. The result of immediate action is irritation of eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Non-smokers are more susceptible to the toxic effects of tobacco smoke. For example, in bronchial asthma cigarette smoke can cause an acute attack, while others may experience severe headache, nausea and dizziness. Deferred effects of passive smoking could result in a higher incidence of lung and heart. Passive Smoking, against children, is of particular concern as to the medical and ethical reasons. Lungs of children less volume, the immune system they have weaker, so the children are especially prone to acute respiratory and ENT diseases. And as the child's weight is less, and the breath from him more often, and therefore harmful chemicals, he breathes more. In addition, the child can not choose where to live: to sleep, do homework, play, and he can not even leave the room where the smoke. Parents also often do not correlate trouble sleeping child, his increased irritability, fatigue in the preparation of lessons with the results of passive smoking. Exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (death in the cradle "). The reason for this - the action of tobacco smoke on the fetus in the womb or the effect of passive smoking in infancy. Low body weight at birth and increased risk of complications - a consequence of smoking during pregnancy and passive smoking. WHO puts forward the slogan: "The right of nonsmokers to clean air above the right of smokers to smoke." Passive smoking in the workplace is no less dangerous and poses a serious threat. Toxic substances quickly spread indoors. And such carcinogens as formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, gasoline, nickel, cadmium, chromium, 2-aminonaftalin, 1,3-butadin, 4-aminobiphenyl, and others, raise blood pressure, cause the formation of tumors, kidney failure, adversely affect the central nervous system destroy the lungs. Every day, the world's three people die because of smoke inhalation in the workplace. This conclusion was British scientists. In the UK, this risk are 3 million Professor of Pulmonary and president of the French Association for the anti-smoking Bertrand Dotzenberg asserts that "million inhabitants of France are suffering from exposure to tobacco, resulting in die every year 3,5 thousand people: 2 thousand - from destruction of the respiratory and 1,5 thousand - from cardiovascular disease. " For cuttings from passive smoking each year kills about 100 newborns. Pathology in "active" and "passive" smokers is the same, but "passive" smoking often leads to cancer of the nose, cardiovascular disease and the emergence of various infections.

How can I protect my children?

How can I protect my children? Develop a close relationship with them and try to reach an understanding.

The vast experience accumulated by the author ...

The vast experience accumulated by the author in preventive work with children suggests that the initiation of the child to knowledge - is the most reliable protection against disasters. You can buy the book in Moscow, at Smolnaja 47 (m Riverport) UNOS Russia without drugs. To book the disc is attached to the automatic test, to anticipate and address the consequences of contact with drug addicts, as well as the audio version of the tale, and pages for rasskraski. The cost of 300 rubles Delivery courier tel. 458 74 58 For wholesale customers substantial discounts Sincerely, Vladimir Ivanov 095 458 74 58 info@rwd.ru URL Articles: http://www.doktor.ru/narkosk/m.phtm?nrk=151

A you're against drugs? Smoking: assets and liabilities

Back in 1976, it was noted that tobacco smoke - a source of air pollution indoors, especially carbon monoxide, which can cause a violation of psychomotor responses, decrease exercise tolerance. In the world of about 1.2 billion people smoke cigarettes, cigars, pipes, etc., ie the number of smokers is that the rest of the world's population is slowly but surely end up as passive smokers. Cigarette - consumer goods, which appeared to build and maintain a person addicted. However, the smoker is damaging not only your body, even more it poisons the surrounding by burning oxygen and vital vitamin C. The WHO considers that the tobacco epidemic is currently kills about 5 million people a year. Children of parents who smoke are more likely to get sick with bronchitis and pneumonia. Exposure to tobacco smoke in the environment for 11 hours is equivalent to smoking 1.2 cigarettes, while even small doses of nicotine can lead to lung disease. A passive smoker inhales the same hazardous substances as a lover of cigarettes, though in low concentration. According to a report the California Environmental Protection Agency (1997), the annual mortality associated with tobacco among non-smokers ranged from 147 to 251 people per 1 million population. If this factor is applied to Europe, annual losses amount to 55-94 thousand people. In China, the same ratio will result in a staggering figure - 185-317 thousand deaths! The results of studies conducted over 20 years, allowed scientists to agree that secondhand smoke is no safe threshold. It may be the cause of more than 25 diseases, including lung cancer (in this case, the cause is the inhalation of a mixture of 40 chemicals). Tobacco smoke contains a large amount of carbon monoxide inhibits the ability of blood to carry oxygen to body tissues including vital organs (heart, brain). Disorders of the heart and brain, in turn, lead to the risk of heart attack and stroke. Cigarette smoke is divided into two streams: the main entering the smoker's lungs when inhaling, and side - from a smoldering cigarette.