Consideration of these principles provides ...

The principle of advanced training - start early preventive education, at least three years before it becomes necessary to make problematic decisions. Consideration of these principles provides a modern methodological and technological level of such training programs, their undoubted effectiveness. Thus, this article identifies some problems setting anti-drug educational preventive work, formulated the basic methodological principles of targeted training programs. The approbation of such a program was carried out over three years in a number of educational institutions in Moscow. Article published in zhurnaleLechaschy doctor

The principle of personalization - if possible ...

They live in this particular community and not isolated from the adult world. Preventive work is not limited to the transfer of knowledge and clarification. The concept of prevention involves: the formation of an adequate attitude to a significant social phenomenon (a drunken, drug addict - it's unpleasant, painful for others, it is dangerous for the individual, etc.), training skills to overcome the external pressure, conformity (to know how to confront a stranger-pressed to say no ", to be independent) of the child's specific personal qualities (self-esteem, awareness of its uniqueness, the ability to speak about their difficulties and ask for help, etc.). Our curriculum prevention program based on the following methodological basis, responding to modern approaches to learning and education. These are: the dialogical communication, ie, the interaction of teacher and student as equal partners, without excessive authoritarianism on the part of teachers, the democratic style of teaching, based on sincerity, trust, openness, equal partnership. Based on the analysis and synthesis of international and domestic experience in the implementation technologies of psycho-hygiene-oriented training programs we have identified the following principles of their construction. Systematic approach - taking into account the totality of personal and social factors that determine children's readiness for the implementation of a safe conduct and risky behavior, deviant - in their relationship and interaction. Partial - anti-drug education as part of the overall sustainability of the educational process to the formation of psycho-hygiene behavior-based, providing the stability of risk factors. Subject adequacy - the maximum reflection in the program content to real life issues that are relevant to specific age groups and are directly related to the possible attached to the SAC (including in this city, district, school). Cognitive adequacy - that the content of teaching materials and techniques intellectual development of children. Socio-cultural relevance - Accounting peculiar to our culture, social values, behavior, communication, leisure activities, including rituals of consumption of the surfactant. Drug adequacy - the account of our "native" Drug culture - typical for Russia and Moscow's use of various forms of surfactant, the mechanisms involving in this consumption, especially the "People's attitude to the misuse of surfactants - a drunken, drug addicts. Using the phenomenon of mass consciousness, mass culture (including their age aspect) - as mentioned above. The principle of personalization - if possible, provide a direct impact on children as their favorite characters, and "winners blemish" - former patients who have a special right to speak about the need to reject the SAW, thus achieving genuine impact. The principle of mandatory alternative payoff - "I'm not going to smoke and drink more so, because I want to be strong, smart, beautiful."

This result can also be interpreted ...

This program is inculcated in several Moscow schools (№ 1256, 76) and the boarding school № 29. During the three academic years, beginning with the first class, they were special weekly lessons on raising skills of healthy and safe behaviors and lifestyles. Once children learn in an accessible form with information on substances hazardous to life and health, and in the form of a game taught the rules of careful handling, we were going to go to information about drugs. It was decided to determine the readiness of junior schoolchildren to accept this information. Before proceeding to the next level of prevention, we conducted a survey in two classes at school number 1256. Here are the results of the survey 58 children (38 girls and 20 boys). Children answer the following questions: What are the psychoactive substances do you know? Which of them often say adults? What kind of psychoactive substances you happened to hear from friends? Which drugs have you heard? Do you think that any psychoactive substances are the most dangerous to humans? What kind of psychoactive substances you learned from TV? The term "psychoactive substance" was already familiar to children from the material of the previous studies. Responses of the children enrolled at the last stage of primary school (third grade), showed that the majority of children referred to them are already familiar psychoactive substances: first of all - alcohol, in second place - nicotine - the third drug, and in fourth place - "Tablets" (drug). Children's responses also showed that the drugs are not a topic of conversation among them: friends, classmates, they hear most often about smoking (tobacco, cigarettes) of alcohol (vodka, alcohol, etc.) on drugs (small number of references, only in summary form - tablet). It is notable for a large share of responses "do not know" - so said 24 people, nearly half of those surveyed. This result can also be interpreted in favor of the thesis that there is no mass interest in drugs. We are aware that the set of surveyed primary school children can not be called a representative (representative): the results of this poll can not be judged on knowledge of drugs in this age group, even by Moscow as a whole. Nevertheless, the survey clearly revealed some trends in this subject area. Students surveyed were significantly different from their peers that they were engaged in according to our prevention program. They are already familiar with the phrase "psychoactive substance", although not all of them formed a clear understanding of the boundaries of this notion. They distinguish between "drugs" and "medicine", although encountered in the responses and the definition of "medical drugs". The answers of the respondents in their trends reflect the pattern of mass child consciousness: junior schoolchildren in Moscow mostly know about cigarettes and alcohol drug they know far less, and only in aggregated form. Specific names of drugs were able to specify only a few students. We feel justified the idea that you should not tell children about drugs.

All other funds if they ...

But how in the world and in domestic medical practice, the use of the term "drugs" sharply limited. One or another biologically active substance only if the drug is called when "simultaneously" it meets three criteria - medical, social and legal. Medical criterion is that the substance has a special specific effects on the central nervous system, psyche - an aphrodisiac, stimulant, depressant, hallucinogenic, etc., which is the reason for his non-medical use. Social criterion means that the non-medical use of this substance has assumed such proportions that has become a social, a nation-wide importance and require special responses. Legal criterion requires that country-specific relevant government department in charge of the state, its legislature has recognized this tool Narcotic and turned it into a special official list of drugs (in the Russian Federation, as before - in the Soviet Union, this institution - the Ministry of Health). Morbid dependency on drugs is called drug addiction. All other funds if they can be subject to abuse and dependence are known for abuse control (toxicants), a disease caused by reliance on them - substance abuse. By a circle of psychoactive substances include nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, theine (contained in tea), some drugs, a number of alkaloids and other substances contained in plants, fungi and their products, as well as synthesized in the laboratories of chemicals (including household products Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry - glues, solvents, etc.) Currently, there are scientific positions, an understanding which is crucial for effective prevention of various addiction: substance users occupy a place in popular culture (traditions, customs), they satisfy some psychological factors (physiological) needs of man (causing looseness, disinhibition, increasing sociability, creating a good, happy mood, etc.), and at the same time, they are undesirable for society as hazardous that are outside of medicine. Therefore the question of prevention of drug abuse may get a different and far from a definite answer in an adult (think about your parents and independent young people) or among teenagers. In the United States and some Western European countries already have practical experience of implementation of preventive anti-drug programs in kindergartens, elementary schools. Not too soon? Such a question arose, and in front of us in the work of our author's program "Fundamentals psychohygienic parenting skills of safe conduct (in relation to alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances) in children of primary school age." For simplicity, her perception of the school teachers and children learned this program was called "Rusty's healthy, take care of themselves."

The third part of Prejudice: "Knowledge ...

Early prevention of drug addiction - the involvement of children in the consumption of psychoactive (drugs, for abuse) of substances - a growing problem not only on Addictions, and pedagogy, psychology and sociology. How to prevent the initiation of children to psychoactive substances, to exclude them even single test? After all, drugs and other surfactants today - it's not just some poisons, danger which clearly appreciated by all, and children as well. Their consumption - it is an integral part of the lifestyle of young people. How to resist the expansion of drug-oriented culture in our youth-podrostkovo environment? Prevention of drug addiction today is dealing with many unresolved questions. That is why it appears to be linked with a number of preconceptions - preconceptions, logic errors, which are characterized by solid principles based on faith, not knowledge. The first is a widespread bias: if the child is thoroughly and convincingly tell you about the dangers of surfactants, drugs, scare him once and for all ", he is unlikely to be using them. However, parents of adolescents who are already partaking in drugs, are well aware that such bullying is not effective or even useless. Children have not yet formed orientation towards the future, especially - in the distant future, healthy, little bolevshie children do not know what the disease is not afraid of it. Finally, the main idea: "I just try, and when it becomes dangerous - stop, we just need to find out all the better." So the first thing is quite common prejudice regarding surfactant based on the opinion: "intimidate" means "to convince of the need to avoid." The second mass bias: "know" about the dangers of surfactants, including drugs, means "to be able to avoid them." A simple example of real action such sophistry: We all know about the dangers of alcohol, that alcoholism is an illness - and yet do not always want us to refrain from drinking. The third part of Prejudice: "knowledge stirs interest kindles curiosity." From this conclusion: better, communicating or working with children, remain silent about drugs, then harm will be less. Here you can apply to the practice of sex education: Silence is never prevents and solves problems, it merely shifts the responsibility for the child and provides the circumstances, the case of complete freedom of action. Next prejudice associated with the view that drugs have an irresistible, rock strength and capable of permanently subjugate anyone, absolutely no resistance. This bias as it closes a vicious circle: we are afraid of drug when administered fear of increasing their destructive effect, signs of destruction caused a feeling of impending doom, the additional fear that veiled her eyes, hiding the existing opportunity to exit from the disease, seeking real help. Our lack of knowledge about drugs leads to another bias: drugs - is the most terrible evil. Indeed, according to the classification of the World Health Organization, drugs (drugs) are all substances that cause changes in mental status, and with prolonged use - addiction, addiction, the need for continuous use, mental and physical dependence.

Pr J Addict, 1991; 86: 1415-1424.

Alcoholics - not a homogeneous group, although attempts to classify these patients, Jellinek undertaken in the 50 years, doctors did not leave, and to this day. It must be remembered that for such patients should be treated without bias, avoiding the possibility of stereotyping. Success after adequate detoxification is highly dependent on the living conditions of the patient. Isolation - not the best way, but be aware that alcoholics frequently marry alcoholics. Employers often go towards trying to cure an alcoholic, a policy of tolerance toward drinking. Attractive model for alcoholics is controlled drinking. If this is possible, it is only after a period of abstinence, when the patient is able to assess the impact of drinking bouts. For those who drink a long time, years and whose brain is struck by the influence of alcohol, just as it is described Korsakov, abstinence is an absolute requirement. There is evidence that cognitive impairment caused by alcohol, may to some extent offset by a period of abstinence, especially if it lasts more than two years. References 1. Latcham R. W. Gamma GT and MCV: their usefulness in the assessment of in-patient alcoholics. Br J Psychiatry, 1986, 149: 353-356. 2. Lamy J., Baglin M-C, Aron E, Weill J. Diminution de la gamma GT serique des cirrhotiques a las suit de sevrage. Clinica Chimica acta, 1975, 60: 97-101. 3. McCrady B. S, Stout R., Noel N., et al. Effects of three types of spuose-involved behavioural alcoholism treatment. Pr J Addict, 1991; 86: 1415-1424. 4. Mattick R. P., Heather N. Developments in cognitive and behavioural approaches to substance misuse. Curr Opin Psychiatry 1993; 6: 424-429. 5. Orford J, Edwards G. Alcoholism. Maudesley Monographs no 26. London: Oxford University Press, 1977.

The principal questions of the anti-drug prevention among children

M. Vedischeva, Ph.D., LN Rybakov, MD, MG Tsetlin, MD, Ph.D. Institute of Addictions Ministry of Health, Moscow Vposlednie 10-15 years in the Russian Federation is rapidly growing number of consumers of alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances (PAS). In this case, there is a clear trend towards the rejuvenation of the contingent addicted patients, to an increasing reduction in the age of first samples. In the sample of surfactants, "experiments" with them involved children 8-10 years (and even younger). By the age of 12 know the taste of alcohol for more than 50% of children, and to 14 years about 15% of teenagers have tried any drugs or substances for abuse. Among the newly diagnosed, primary patient drug treatment service with a diagnosis of "substance abuse" children and adolescents make up about half the total. There is every reason to believe that this situation will continue, at least in the near future. It should be borne in mind that children and teenagers is particularly high risk probability of a rapid transition from a random, episodic, "search" to re-use of surfactants, and then systematically receive them, and the danger of the formation of clinical drug treatment patterns of diseases, malignant course of disease with early personal degradation, increasing desotsializitsiey often disability of patients with high early of their mortality.

Antialcoholic agent disulfiram ...

Poor absorption in such patients requires intramuscular injection of drugs. Need to constantly cheer patients, and to spend with them advocacy. Only a small proportion of heavy alcohol bind morning anxiety or irritability, depressed mood, night sweats and diarrhea, decrease in vitality with alcohol. However, if the patient is convinced that the cause of all trouble is alcohol, it becomes a powerful incentive for abstinence. When the general practitioner encounters a patient does not consent to treatment, then it turns into a difficult situation. Under the "Act on Mental Health" subject alcoholics with psychosis, alcohol dependence, according to this document is not in itself a mental disorder. Detoxification patients in some district hospitals conducted in the general wards, and in others - in mental health. And the hospital staff and primary care teams may consider re-introduction of drugs meaningless, but if the quality of life of the alcoholic improved at least in the short term, such treatment can be justified. In addition, many patients are ashamed of their drinking and drinking to get rid of feelings of guilt, staff should try not to exacerbate this condition. After detoxification the patient receives various forms of assistance that allows him to engage in the healing process and watching him. The atmosphere of Alcoholics Anonymous is not for everyone, but some get it the necessary support to successfully get rid of the addiction. Other alcoholics suitable alternative voluntary organizations, some of these societies, such as Alanon, support family members of alcoholics. Many voluntary organizations work together with government agencies. In the anti-alcohol team includes psychologists, who help patients solve their problems by using special techniques such as cognitive therapy of individual patients [3, 4]. Work in groups with a discussion of alternative approaches to receive alcohol, an explanation of how alcohol acts on the body, training, helping patients cope with anxiety and anger - all of these functions take on a variety of services, sometimes in conjunction with the local psychiatric ward. Antialcoholic agent disulfiram may be effective in the right mood, but impulsive drunks, relatives who helped introduce the medicine. Akamprozat relatively new GABA agonist, will remove the urge to drink from the drinker constantly, but small doses, but is ineffective against those who drink a lot in a short period of time. Investigation of Orford and Edwards shows that the results in the group of heavy alcohol, within six weeks of receiving treatment in Modesli, did not differ from that of a similar group, where only one was carried out corresponding to the conversation. While it is necessary to point out that for each individual patient treatment must be selected individually [5].

Preferable to carry out detoxification ...

If the survey turns out that the doctor has to deal with impulsive man without dependence, that is, those who are getting drunk from time to time, does not behave better, the doctor must decide whether the case is within its competence. Ask the patient to consult with a local psychiatrist or alcohol service. But if the survey you've come to the conclusion that it is a syndrome of alcohol dependence, therefore, need to act. Community-based substance abuse and alco-teams must respond quickly to requests for assistance. However, they should be communicated in all patients: studies show that the conversation with the doctor, and a set of educational measures can reduce the number of drinkers. Typically, a general practitioner, it is easier to inform the patient about finding his alarming symptoms than the clinical department of alcohol on the basis of a psychiatric hospital. The doctor can collect the medical history, examine patients, perform blood tests, explain to the patient, as alcohol affects the body, what are the social consequences of drinking, as in patients with alcoholism change sleep and mood. The physician should assess the amount and type of alcohol consumed, which tended to identify patients who drink only beer or wine, and give them some useful tips. GP may ask the patient to keep a diary of drinking and come to the following method with a close relative, to discuss the period of abstinence. Although general practitioners have enough time to make the most detoxification, better do it, with the support of the local anti-alcohol brigade to the direction for further treatment can be discussed together. The ban on drinking alcohol - this is usually the first step. Patient dependency, wanting only "a little cut" method of alcohol, must be persuaded to stop drinking altogether, at least for a few months. Withdrawal symptoms may occur at a high level of alcohol in the blood because of the tolerance that develops as a result of induction of hepatic enzymes. My colleague told me about a patient who developed abstinenty syndrome at the level of alcohol in the blood, twice the allowable driving. Whatever it was difficult to predict the severity of withdrawal syndrome. Preferable to carry out detoxification of the house as a hospital patient is behaving rather passive, but in cases of severe dependence or a history of seizures at the abolition of alcohol that is not possible. Better if the detoxification at home is a general practitioner and alcohol team. Benzodiazepines, namely, chlordiazepoxide, ousted hlormetiazol. The latter was used for the treatment of alcoholism, but it often occurred dependence on the drug. Receiving chlordiazepoxide begin with 30 mg per day, for five - seven days the dose was reduced to zero. During the treatment should be prescribed vitamins, particularly B1, whose level is lowered in alcoholics due to flattening of the villi of the small intestine and malnutrition.

I can quit whenever I want. "

Lying is tailored out of something ... Parallels between the art of weaving and telling tales, on the other hand the use of hemp as a narcotic plants dissolve the reality speaks of how much drugs affect the language of the soul (T. McKenna, "Food of the Gods"). Devastating effect on the mind, as a consequence - deadweight loss of mental resources, teen, values ??superseded, remains the mud of cynicism, the poison of evil. Very difficult it is to return the spark of God, and through it, the purity of light and goodness. ("Rainbow", 4-2002, Tallinn)

Alcohol: the management of critically ill patients

Richard Latcham, MD, a member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists honorary member of the Secretariat of the State Advisory Board for Psychiatry Detection and treatment of patients who abuse alcohol - a common problem, directly linked with the general practitioner. Surprising how often the alcoholic goes unnoticed; symptoms are detected only when the storm has broken out and the treatment is less effective. Patients usually do not attach importance to such factors caused by craving for alcohol, a loss of jobs, the growth of tension in the family, irritability, depression, break a close relationship, as well as all sorts of ailments, such as night sweats, diarrhea, vomiting in the mornings, slight tension, which vanishes after the first drink. Doctor should certainly alert the statements like: "I have never tremble. I have not touched alcohol. I can quit whenever I want. " To make a diagnosis, it is necessary to estimate the amount of alcohol consumed. Most patients typically say that last week they drank a lot of strange coincidence, but these "strange circumstances" is proving to be quite common, so the number of drunk alcohol in the past seven days may be considered an indicator of average alcohol consumption. It is important to assess the degree of alcohol dependence - here can help determine the level of gamma-glutamattransferazy (GGT) and mean cell volume (SD), increased as a result of direct toxic effects of alcohol on the bone marrow. I must say that only 65% ??of alcoholic patients to modify one of these parameters [1]. If these rates above the norm, should explain to the patient what it means. Later a similar diagnosis should be carried out to test the effectiveness of treatment. GGT level more accurately reflects the use of alcohol in the past few days. At very high numbers required weeks to reduce it, although he bounces back faster than standard deviation. On the latter can be judged on the duration of drinking, as in the blood taken for analysis, the average lifetime of erythrocytes is 60 days, respectively, can reveal the amount of alcohol consumed during the past few weeks. Systematically drinkers are usually heavily underestimate the amount of alcohol consumed and remain silent about the consequences, so it is important to interview their relatives.

Wade in the test after a while ...

After the death of a patient during a post-mortem autopsy was found damaged area of ??the brain - the motor "Speech Center." This "Speech Center" in honor of recognition of the doctor-called Broca's area. Broca's area performs a motor, motor speech software, a program of coordination of the speech apparatus. This is a special area in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere adjacent to the motor cortex, from which nerve fibers, forming an arched bunch, go to the other upper-rear portion of the left temporal lobe. This is another "speech center" that provides an understanding speech, reading, writing, articulation of speech sounds, the construction of comprehension of speech, its form and content. Clinic defeat this brain region in 1874, Carl Wernicke described. This Speech Center was named Zone Wernicke. When the affected area Wernicke's a person not just drop these funkutsii, but still not recognized, the grammar of the construction of phrases is preserved, but they lose all meaning. Thus the person becomes a "vegetable" and does not understand what happened and what he became. It can be assumed that the area of ??Wernicke - Abode of the Soul. " Anesthesia, AS self-destructive behavior Dr. Wade in order to establish the localization of "speech centers" asked patients to raise their hands vertically, when they lay on his back and asked out loud to keep score, while the right carotid artery was injected with sodium amytal (narcotizing matter), after a few seconds after administration of the drug left hand fell motionless and immediately stopped it. In these cases, it could be argued that the "speech centers" were controlled by the left hemisphere. Dr. Wada test solves the problem of diagnosis, and if we pay attention to the impact of drug-paralyzed arm, speech. (A doctor in the Wada test, after a while his patients speech and movement in his hand restored). Anesthesia among adolescents should be understood as self-destructive behavior such as slow suicide. And it's suicide begins with Wernicke's area, so the first narkodoz so quickly mutates it in content and form. The soul is the "charisma". When the narcotic evil captures the soul, swiftly unwind the spring of evil, which include self-destruct program, teenage drug addict, that itself is not fully aware of all available means slow or fast killing himself. VOCABULARY OF THE LANGUAGE AND DRUGS Cocaine, heroin, LSD and other drugs acting directly on organelles located in Broca's and Wernicke zones ", where nerve impulses are generated speech, speech, symbols, images, radically alter the language. In the jungles of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and North-West of Brazil, where since ancient times tribes of Indians used coca leaves as a dietary supplement. In these populations, residents of the jungle is very common special type of dementia with speech disorders. Another drug, hashish produced from cannabis. The dual use of this plant on the one hand the potion, but on the other hand, raw materials for weaving and rope has thirty thousandth of history and the mutual influence of ingrained in the vocabulary of the language (the first mention of Cannabis cultivation dates back to the 28 th century to a new era in the annals of the Chinese emperor Shen Nunya ). "The dictionary reflects the commonality of the ancient link between the plant medium-intoxicating hemp, weaving technologies and those intellectual processes associated with the vocabulary of language - the story intertwine the incident to dismantle, to catch the thread of the story and follow it.

One soul is enslaved ...

Now understand the phenomenon of reaction-paradoksaonoy manifestations of distorted consciousness of adolescents. In these groups, preventive conversations naturally will cause a painful excitement, prevention is needed to 1-2-grade, and 5-6 classes are already required measures liberation of consciousness from pronarkoticheskoy pre-programmed - in other words to have rehabilitation programs for at risk groups. If we talk about prevention in schools, kids need the truth about the terrible consequences of drug use, their mystery, how hard then to get rid of drug addiction. The kids need to help create the mood to live without drugs, the mood on moral and cultural values, creativity, sports, the desire of all to pursue their head and their hands, disposition to kindness, justice and responsibility. The kids need social skills, skills out of difficult situations in life, out of the conflict. Necessary to teach the proper selection of methods of self-affirmation and good decision-making. But in difficult situations, students need information where to look for help, whom to contact. Our school is similar to the prevention of new ground, overgrown with weeds of ignorance, thistles false statements. IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE WORD ... In 1989, the debate about the sensational movie "Easy to Be Young" Valentin Rasputin spoke about youth issues, "... how we will apply to them, depends too much in our future." As a treat then goes bad . How is today - ten times worse. When Rasputin arrived in late October 2001 in Tallinn on Days Dostoevsky's roundtable on the sidelines and in private conversations, writers, critics, journalists were told not only about the crisis in literature, but also about the lack of spirituality, social ills - youth crime, prostitution, addiction. "In the beginning was the word ..." What is it now, because the word reflects the ecology of the soul. What is the ecology of the soul addicts. Glossary of jargon junkies: stick, Kumari, STONED, shirnutsya, razbodyazhit, tryahalovo, dope, Shala, Schmal ... and the like. The soul is poisoned, it hosts the drug - the quintessence of evil. Even a teenager, never tried drugs, but only begin to communicate with drug addicts, very quickly began to use a dictionary narkozhargona. External influence on the worldview of young narkosredy like poisonous vapors. One soul is enslaved, followed by the second, third, among many other "crippled souls" is formed - a monster, "the collective unconscious of a narcotic" with a lot of nasty tentacles of a giant octopus. All began with the capture of the first drug of a nerve cell, tenth, one-hundredth, thousandth, and then as a chain reaction. "THE SANCTUARY OF THE SOUL" areas of the brain controlling speech are called "speech center". Little-known French physician Marc Dax in 1836 described the clinic defeat "speech center". In 1866 Paul Broca presented the anatomical society in Paris, the patient's motor acts in violation of the spoken word, in violation of the management of facial muscles, tongue, jaw, pharynx, the muscles of lips, but the people understood the meaning and essence of the speech.

The subject was sluduyuschee job ...

The experiment took place in the same room and was recorded on video. No one knew in advance which task will be to perform, and nobody knew what would happen in the first part of the experiment and in the second. It is the same as giving "the blind": "Guys, take off an airplane in an unknown direction, and get a job during the flight." It so happened in this experiment. In the first part of the experiment, a volunteer in a hypnotic state was building a wall of bricks with imaginary imaginary cement mortar (the subject was inspired by hypnosis, which he builds a wall). The subject is really built the wall, out with bricks, mortar holds them together. Of course, no real solution, not the bricks were not. When a "work" was completed, the volunteer was instructed to palpate a "wall" and it was done. Then the volunteer was removed from a state of hypnosis. What kind of work he performed, and what tasks he had to perform, the volunteer could not remember because it was a deep state of hypnosis. This part of the experiment was recorded on video. After that, the subject and the person who conducted the hypnosis left the room through the emergency entrance with a view to the participants of the second part of the experiment did not see them. SECOND PART OF THE EXPERIMENT ENNA Parva In the second part of the experiment the other volunteer in the same room in a state of hypnosis (I was invited to participate in the experiment, so I loaded up a volunteer in a state of hypnosis, which I did) got the task to go through the room and the volunteer has successfully done it. The subject was sluduyuschee task: "find an insurmountable obstacle, and grope with his hands." Not only is the volunteer found an obstacle in the same place, but he felt it was a wall (on the hand movements was evident that the subject feels no valves, no barbed wire and sandbags, and the wall). The subject is in hypnosis inspire some action: "in front of an invisible barrier, to find him and find his hands in front of an invisible and insurmountable obstacle, find arms to try to overcome it." How many volunteer or trying to overcome the "wall", he could not do it. Just as the first volunteer, the second after the exit of hypnosis did not remember anything. His hypnotic state in line with third-degree dive. Interestingly, the Estonian scholar during his lifetime assumed, as it later became clear that that's how it happens: one volunteer in a state of hypnosis to build a wall, then another, as in the hypnotic sleep detect the wall in the same place. For this reason we impose the condition: no one should know in advance which tasks will execute. Random, fragmentary information about drugs, often with a touch of psevdoromanticheskim, repeated implicitly in many episodes of film characters Thriller, Action, replicated in numerous music videos youth mass culture, and from this sum pronarkoticheskaya pre-programmed, it influences people, and the orientation of adolescents at risk.

In addition, at teenagers acute ...

Narkooschuscheniya grab, "high" on its intensity exceeds normal thousandfold. In some of adolescent attitude to drugs will be negative (negative examples from the life, tragic cases with someone of his friends, etc.). PRONARKOTICHESKAYA programmed formation of a definite attitude to drugs starts in early childhood and consists of thousands of episodes, semantic units, or with a plus sign (benevolent attitude) or a minus (negative attitude) or neutral (unspecified ratio). semantic units are added and can form a pre-programmed pronarkoticheskuyu consciousness is by 10-11 years, a teenager, sooner or too late to try drugs, submitting to the program. Everything depends on the close environment, and stressful situations. How is the pre-programmed pronarkoticheskaya? Under the influence of external factors: the words and actions of peers and older kids, friends, imitating their idols of rock-pop-rap culture, movies, songs with texts clearly advertises the content (song Kincheva "In the city festival, children brought horse of cocaine) or dvusmyslennastyami (the song of" Arctic Monkeys "" Fellini-hero on heroin "), psychedelic music, actively lured children into schools narkodillerami and discos. in the brains of teenagers are formed pronarkoticheskie program behavior, allowing the opportunity to try a particular drug. And in addition, external factors shape adolescent and mood to the drug, and the decision to try it, and the belief that it is not dangerous and that he something in the relationship will not get that now he would be "cool", confident that he can easily give up marijuana, when he wants it more, weaklings. All of this eliminates doubts about his choice, creates the justification for the justification of this choice, and even the need for a form of self-affirmation. Besides, teenagers are acute problems of recognition of their own, taking into their circle. try drugs becomes a kind of a pass in the company - if you tried drugs, we'll accept and acknowledge her, if not - you'll be an outcast. Based on this we can build their prevention programs. With the help of open discussions, debates, psychological games, art - theater, film, art, contests, promotions, production of school newspapers, school performances agit-theaters, hobby groups can systematically bring other forms of self-affirmation, need to live without drugs, the confidence to live a free, interesting, creative lives. Upbringing active rejection of narcotic and narcotic forms of existence values, which excludes the possibility of admitting any trial or experiment with drugs. It is important when the adolescents themselves actively participate in shaping a healthy environment and healthy interest among peers. But this kind of work, unfortunately, are not ready the teacher nor the school administration. Enna Parva experiment I participated in the experiment Enn Parve with information - the phantom energy "The Wall" (1989).

A total of 132 teams participated in the game ...

There is already a problem and space debris. And what about the ecology of the soul? A contamination of the human soul with anger, lies, stupid and ignorant thoughts of hate? For over 27 years I worked as a doctor - a psychiatrist and clinical psychologist and a thousand times agree with J. Lammetri, suggesting a "Treatise on the soul," this thought: "The whole purpose and whole mystery of healing art comes down to, to excite the brain stronger representation, which would eliminate the absurd idea. " Segodneshnee time requires new understanding of the dangers of drug abuse. Professionals preventive programs against drug abuse in schools and other educational institutions have long understood that a single, terrifying action not profit. Prevention is needed where the children's souls are pure and innocent, that is, it must begin with the first class, and when they come with such action for the first time in 6 th or 7 th class, then come actually at risk at this time consciousness students is distorted by false information about drugs so that the fit to begin an emergency psychological care, and five or six students need already and substance abuse treatment. Here is an example: during the 2001-2002 school Narva, Kohtla-Jarve, Tallinn, for grades 7-9 conducted a psychological game, "Shipwreck." Each team of 5-6 people were asked to choose a name. A total of 132 teams participated in the game, and it is typical that "narkoorientirovannye" names chosen by 17.43% of all involved: namely, "Anashisty" -4 "Cannabis" -10 "Canape" -3, "Grass" -2 "Syringe" -1, "Burik" -1 "Cones" -1. This indirectly suggests that prevails in the minds of teenagers interested in psychoactive substances stupefying action, a lot of misinformation about "romanticism" of drug use. A AS IN EUROPE? In the European Union's long-accumulated vast experience in preventive work against the proliferation of drugs in the school environment. Rather boring and uninteresting didactic lessons are interesting gaming activities under the state program "Life skills". Prepared for this school professionals, published excellent modern textbooks on prevention. In 2001-2002, I visited Poland, Germany, Luxembourg, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, where he studied wealth of European experience on the topic. We in Estonia in this respect - virgin nepahannaya. Indeed, long before the young man to get up first choice - try a drug or refuse, the teenager has already formed a positive attitude - and why not try? ". On this more weight a little bit will outweigh - curiosity, interest, youth fashion, a way of self-affirmation, a way of acceptance, recognition by peers. And on the other side of a Blur - amorphous ratio. But we must beat everyone. And then the most likely outweigh the bowl, most likely will take a sample. The first dose is taken, there will be the second and third.

Body - the house where the soul lives.

And secondly, the treatment cost is expensive: packing, calculated on the month, will cost $ 50-60. In addition, there is a rubber and a number of contraindications. The fact that the lion's share of the nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes of the mouth. But a small part of this material, getting together with saliva into the stomach, is an irritant to its mucosa. Therefore, the gum can not recommend the "lady's finger, and people suffering from gastritis. Nicotine inhalers are not widely used because of high prices. For example, "Nicorette" consists of a mouthpiece and a nicotine-liner. The day is spent between 6 and 10 sacks, and they are sold in packs of 6 or 18 pieces. It should be noted that the course is designed for at least 6 months, and therefore the cost of treatment "will fly a lot of money." But such therapy has very good results: 56% of smokers, "held out" the first 10 days of treatment, get rid of his addiction. So in this case the target is fully justifies the means. Specialists advise smokers not to place high expectations on existing medicines. After all, they are exempt only from the physical habits. At the same psychological dependence will not affect either the patch or chewing gum. Obligatory condition of "healing" is a solid and informed decision to quit smoking. Namely, it is considered key to future success. Without this desire, no one drug will not bring the expected results: in fact it is only a supplement to the human will. Article published on saytehttp: / / www.medolina.ru

What brought the horse? (Drug prevention in schools)

Vladimir Kukk psychiatrist, psychologist, social activist http://www.dr.kukk.wrk.ru/ vladimirkukk2000@mail.ru dr.kukk @ inbox.ru Today's times require a new understand the dangers of drug abuse. Professionals preventive programs against drug abuse in schools and other educational institutions have long understood that a single, terrifying action not profit. Prevention is needed where the children's souls are pure and innocent, that is, it must begin with the first class, and when they come with such action for the first time in 6 th or 7 th class, then come actually at risk at this time consciousness students is distorted by false information about drugs so that the fit to begin an emergency psychological care, and five or six students need already and substance abuse treatment. ("Rainbow", 4-2002, Tallinn), the Soul What distinguishes the wood from the logs? Living tree, a log - no. Body - the house where the soul lives. Body turns into something else when he leaves the shower. And what is the soul? Soul, spirit and our body is a house of our selves, our "I" - the emotions, feelings, desires, intellect, ideas, principles, and character. Soul - this is not a metaphysical concept, and multi-dimensional, diverse and unknowable is something great and infinite cosmos is within us. In an era of space exploration scientists are seriously discussing treatment project near-Earth space.

In another group together all ...

Based on anabasine were created with the same name pill, which is very good showing in practice. In addition, this substance is part of the specialty films that are a smoker paste on your gums or cheek. In contact with saliva soluble polymer, and fixed doses of drugs are gradually beginning to enter the bloodstream. Relatively recently in Germany was a presentation of a new drug "Ciba» (Zyban). Just a few months after his birth, he became one of the most popular antikuritelnyh drugs in the world. Manufacturers of these pills claim that today they consume 8, 5 million people. In another group together all the products containing pure nicotine. Scientists have estimated that cigarette smoke is more than 200 toxic compounds and carcinogens. Most of them are much more toxic than nicotine itself. The question then arises: why is this substance has come to enjoy such a notorious? The answer is quite simple: it is nicotine causes a physical addiction to tobacco. It is embedded in the molecular processes of our body and becomes a familiar component of many biochemical reactions. Therefore, the absence of this substance causes painful "withdrawal syndrome", and the body is deprived of its particles, is announcing this strike. After learning all this, scientists have invented a replacement therapy, and to replace tobacco nicotine come its synthetic counterpart. This compromise bears fruit: a smoker, receiving only nicotine, avoiding penetration into the body pitches, nitrosamines, benzopyrene and other "poisons". Alternative sources of nicotine is now a great many. Were invented patches, chewing gum, inhalers and even candy. During the use of these funds is strictly prohibited person to smoke, as very high risk of nicotine poisoning. The biggest demand is for patches that are sounding name "transdermal systems. Nicotine is absorbed by the skin for several hours impairs the tobacco famine. In order for this substance could freely enter the body, the patch should stick to a relatively hairless area of ??the body. It is best suited for this "soft place" just below the sacrum and the inner side of the shoulder or hip. With glue Velcro can cause skin allergies, so the insertion every time should be changed. Emplastic therapy is conducted in a specific pattern, designed for several months. During this time the body gets used to the gradually decreasing amounts of nicotine. Manufacturers claim that 46% of people who did not smoke during the first two weeks of treatment, will continue to do without cigarettes. And the remaining losers they are advised to undergo repeated antikuritelny course. Chewing gum copes with its task properly and supply the body with nicotine tabakomana. However, the gum has several disadvantages. First, they differ in a very specific taste, which discourages many smokers, especially women.

More than half of "converts" ...

This way of getting rid of dependence has been described in the article "Lost hope you can return," published in the journal Zemsky Gazette, № 3, 2000 We believe that this approach to drug addiction will solve the problem of drug abuse in the country. Vladimir Ivanov Institute of Conduct

smoking will save a drop of nicotine?

Irina Semenova only smokers know through what anguish they must pass in order to quit smoking. Twenty years ago they could only rely on his strength of will. Now developed lots of ways to help tabakomanam get rid of their habit. About them told us pulmonologist, K. M. Mr. Eugene V. Hotenko. Official medicine has created for the treatment of tabakomanii an arsenal of tools. Smokers treated with hypnosis, they do psychotherapists, producing results and acupuncture. However, worldwide the most popular variety of medications designed specifically for smoking renegades. Statistics gives interesting figures. Annually, 40% of smokers decide to get rid of their habit, and only 3.5% successfully copes with this task. More than half of "converts" enlists the aid of various homeopathic remedies. This is not surprising: after all, nicotine withdrawal syndrome is very similar to breaking a drug addict. Headache, aggression, anxiety, depression, insomnia, constant irritability - these are just a small part of his clinical picture. Without medical support can only do very few. Therefore, for the "weak" most developed different pharmacological adaptogens. Drugs of this kind can be divided into several groups. One of the first appeared pills for smokers. Chemical compounds contained in these tablets, its structure is strongly reminiscent of nicotine. Imbibing in blood, they act in certain nerve centers. These substances bind to nicotinic receptors, blocking them and create the effect of tobacco being. At the same time dramatically reduces the need for smoking: for the brain, full cure, "thinks" that he had received another batch of cigarette smoke. In addition, such tablets strongly reduce feelings of hunger, so they are particularly recommended for people with overweight. However, lean smokers also often use them to prevent "non-nicotine obesity. After all, most people give up smoking, markedly put on weight. So the pill help to deal with this scourge. If a person decided to resort to such means, it should drastically reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. Completely same stop smoking should be no later than the 10th day of therapy. Otherwise, the smoker at risk of nicotine overdose, manifested by the rise of pressure, rapid pulse and disgusting feeling. In our country most known drugs are medicines that contain anabasine. This plant alkaloid is very similar to nicotine, but does not have its toxic properties.

Consequently, the outcome of treatment will also be stable.

According to the theory of conditioned reflex of Pavlov IP is unconscious stable behavior can be considered as a reflex, only a reflex in this case not form in the organic structures of the body and the psyche. When an addict trying to recover, it is also necessary to commit an act of thinking - decide not to use, in other words, the decision to change the habitual train of thought or elimination of drug behavior. These acts of thinking in the dominant scientific paradigm of today are not taken into account, but their participation in education, course and treatment of drug dependence is undeniable. Consequently, we can take a psychological component "disease" as the starting point for further discussion. Recognizing that acts without thinking of drug dependence are not formed and does not take place, we can conclude that this is the work of the mind is the essence, the basis of drug addiction. Consequently, the essence of addiction - the behavior of the source - acts of thinking. Conclusions: The Mind is the object to which should be directed to treatment and rehabilitation effects, for deliverance from drug addiction need to change the thinking, eliminate the acquired skills of drug behavior, eliminating the old skills of drug behavior, you need to train a person to move to the new ideas, new thinking skills providing him sober in all situations. Or, in the familiar language of cure; Since the behavior is characterized by stability, the new skills will have this property. Consequently, the outcome of treatment will also be stable. Thus, we obtain a new paradigm to explain the nature of addiction. But not enough to give a new explanation, we need empirical evidence. And then the new paradigm becomes not only a theoretical truth, but practical value. This approach is embodied in a new method of psychological rehabilitation. Since the object of rehabilitation in the new method is the psyche, and it is subject to the law of learning, then the rehabilitation work is based on scientific understanding and application of the law. Conscious application of the law always gives a high efficiency in any human activity. One example is the theory and practice sanogennykh thinking and behavioral approach doctor of psychological sciences, academician Orlova YM, long time head of the Department of General Psychology, Medical Academy of IM Sechenov in Moscow. Applying the law of learning, the addict is held extinction "traction" (a term the physiology of higher nervous activity) or otuchivanie from former drug behavior, ie psychological means, harmless to human health, quickly and completely eliminates the "pull" (craving) and the desire to use that arises in certain circumstances. Then conducted training in new skills drug-free thinking and behavior. The result - sustained relief from addiction.

Any committed and watch ...

And here we formulate the desired result of psychotherapy, but there is no answer to our question: what is the source of addiction? The resulting combined medical and psychological professionals result leads to conclusions about incurability addiction. Nevertheless, the work of mental considered an integral part of treatment. Past experience gives us the right to raise the question: Is it possible to explain addiction, based on a different paradigm. Try to do it. Consider the phenomenon of drug addiction as a purely psychological. Specialists diagnosed with drug dependence from the observed human behavior in the form of action on the acquisition and use of surfactants. Thus, physiological changes in the body addict follow human behavior and are the result of this behavior. Without committing conduct directed at drug use, people will not freak ever. Any committed and observed behavior, expressed in the actions of the acquisition and use of drugs, is a targeted and studied the physiology of higher nervous activity and scientific psychology. Listed gives us the scientific basis for a new paradigm to explain addiction not as a disease but as a specific human behavior. Any behavior has its own structure and constructed in accordance with the laws that are discovered and studied in the early twentieth century, great Russian physiologist IP academics Pavlov and PK Anokhin. Our behavior is accompanied and driven the work of the mind, which we call thinking. Faced with a drug, any of us start thinking about whether this occurs consciously or not, that ends up making a decision: to use or not use drugs. Depending on how the Deliberation and what was decided, human behavior can develop in two directions. FIRST: Shelf And he continues using drugs. II: THE COMPLETE FAILURE OF USE. Thus, the disease is drug addiction begins with the thinking process. Without the mental act of thinking - making decisions about drug use - "disease" that we call addiction, can not arise. With continued use of this mental act is repeated, with the action of the mind become habitual, do not realize why the man perceived as a "pull" (craving) to the drug. Every behavior has a purpose and is called the motive. By the time a decision people have accurately identifies and purpose, and motive of his conduct. Drug behavior also has its own goals and motives. Motive - these are wonderful experiences that can be obtained at the end of committed behavior. In a drug addict - a "high" or "arrival" (!!!). Goals are different, but mostly it's disposal, protection against unpleasant experiences, feelings and emotions such as anger, sorrow, failure, loneliness, etc. Thus, it defines the process of psyche drugs. As a result, we observe the behavior of the drug.

All of this suggests that the way ...

If the nature of the disease is not clear, AND ATTEMPTS TO ITS TREATMENT doomed to failure. The nature of addiction is so unclear that the NII Narcology admitted: "The specific feature of hospital substance abuse is a fundamental lack of recovery. These diseases are chronic, and in the process of overcoming them, including in the framework of rehabilitation work at any time, may resume manifestation of a pathological attraction to surfactant (psychoactive substances) and their associated affective and behavioral disorders, ie relapsed disease. ("Rehabilitation of the addicted patients: the concept, the program", Moscow, 2001., Publishers Anacharsis). This statement merely states the fact of failure of medical treatment. All of this suggests that the way to explain the paradigm by which science thinks the answer to questions at the beginning of this article does not give the questions. Such facts, when science can not give the correct answer to the pressing issues of practice in the history of science itself is not news. Just think of the unsuccessful attempts of physicists of the nineteenth century to explain the phenomenon of heat through the material substance - caloric. New understanding of the heat given molecular-kinetic theory of MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, who examined the phenomenon of heat as the behavior of matter particles themselves, which gave a precise understanding of the nature of heat. Paradigm shift has led to a breakthrough in the science and practice. Hence, accurate knowledge about the nature of addiction is the key to solving the problem. Thus, in addressing the drug problem facing science is objectively the question of a paradigm shift to explain the nature of addiction and dependency as a whole. People - the unity of the physiological and psychological. The dominant paradigm of thinking today comes from the fact that the source of addiction in the field of physiology - the human body, in a cell, an organic functional system (eg the brain) - or metabolic biochemical processes under the influence of the drug is irreversibly altered, and thus trigger a pathological attraction to drugs, which in turn leads a person to use the surfactant. In other words, drug addiction - a disease. Based on the understanding of addiction as a disease construct therapeutic activities aimed at the organic functionality of the system - the use of drugs, surgery and others recognize - this paradigm does not lead to the desired result. What is not taken into account when considering the merits of drug addiction? It remains the second component - the psychological. Can we find a solution here? In the above "Rehab addicted patients: the concept, the program is" psychological, psychotherapeutic system recommends the use of group techniques in 1915. As stated in the document, "the group is a model of life, provides for the receipt of direct life experience of learning and positive development. They are sent to the disclosure and the mobilization of resources individual patients, addressing their personal, family and social problems, build skills psychic (psycho-physical) self-regulation and appropriate behavior in a variety of problematic situations, including in situations of high involvement in anesthesia.